![]() Mango leaves contains multiple minerals, vitamins including calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc, cadmium, copper and phosphorous, vitamins C, B1,B2 and B4, polyphenolicxanthonoids, mangiferin, selected anthocyanidins including delphinidin, peonidin and cyanidin, leucoanthocyanins, catechin and gallic tannins.Mango leaf oil contains sesquiterpenes, mangiferin, δ-3-carene, α-gurjunene, β-selinene and β-caryophyllene. Mango fruit, seed, leaves, bark and roots have diverse phytochemical constituents including polyphenolic antioxidants including flavonoids, triterpenoids, micronutrients, as follows:Flavor of mango fruits contain volatile organic molecules including terpenes, furanones, lactones and esters. HPLC equipped with diode array and mass spectrometric detection, HPLC/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/APcI-MS), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and HPTLC techniques have been extensively used for the detection of these structurally diverse constituents. ![]() Mango contains 15% carbohydrates, 1.6% dietary fiber, 0.38% fat and 0.82% protein. Scientific literature demonstrates thatdifferent parts of mango tree and its integral constituents exhibit a number of health benefits including the reduction of chronic inflammatory conditions, anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects, immunomodulatory, anti-spasmodic, gastrointestinal well-being as well as metabolically-mediated chronic diseases. Mango trees, flowers, fruits, seeds, leaves and bark have been reported to exhibit diverse medicinal properties and health benefits. Today, India, China, Thailand and Mexico are the largest producers and exporters of mango. Around fifth and fourth centuries BC, cultivation of mango started in Southeast Asia, and then in East and West Africa around 10th century AD, and finally in Brazil, Mexico, Spain, Canary Islands and Portugal,West Indies and Caribbean Islands. Literature reveals that mango, a popular tropical fruit, originated from the Indian sub-continent and then started becoming popular around the World. Keywords: MangiferaIndica Linn: fruit and leaves, mangiferin, antioxidant anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic gastro-intestinal and gut health, regularity Introduction This review provides an overview and highlights on mangiferin and mango leaf extract on multiple health benefits in human health and disease prevention. ![]() ![]() Chemical investigations have demonstrated that mango and mango leaves contain structurally diverse polyphenolicantioxidants and micronutrients including mangiferin, beta-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, riboflavin, thiamine, niacin, anthocyanins and anthocyanidins, flavonoids, alkaloids and minerals. Literature reveals that mango fruits, fruit pulp and leaf have been used for multiple health problems and ailments especially for digestive and gastrointestinal health in Ayurvedic medicinesfor thousands of years. Especially, raw mangoes are used in salads and pickles, while ripe mangoes are consumed as fruits, milkshakes and desserts. Mango fruits, pulp and leaves are integral parts of Asian culinary purpose. Mango (MangiferaIndica Linn.) fruit is very popular around the world, which provides a soothing sweet aroma and delicious taste, while mango leaves are becoming increasingly popular for its battery of therapeutic benefits including the treatment of diabetes, blood pressure, restlessness, respiratory problems, gall bladder and kidney stones, dysentery, ear aches, diverse inflammatory responses, wound-healing, heat stroke, cardiovascular problems, diverse gastrointestinal health, regularity and digestion. *Corresponding author:DebasisBagchi, Ph.D., MACN, CNS, MAIChEDepartment of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences,University of Houston College of PharmacyHouston, TX 77204, USA, Telephone: 9 Abstract The Japanese Institute for Health Food Standards, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan 113-0033ĭepartments of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204, USA Anand Swaroop 1, Manashi Bagchi 1,Hiroyoshi Moriyama 1,2and DebasisBagchi *1,3Ĭepham Research Center, Somerset, NJ 08854, USA
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